1806

1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar).

Events

January

• January 8 - Cape Colony becomes a British colony.
• January 10 - Dutch in Cape Town surrender to the British.
• January 19 - The British occupies the Cape of Good Hope.

February

• February 6 - Royal Navy victory off Santo Domingo - see:Action of 6 February 1806.

March

• March 23 - After traveling through the Louisiana Purchase and reaching the Pacific Ocean, explorers Lewis and Clark and their "Corps of Discovery" begin their journey home.
• March 29 - Construction authorized of the Great National Pike, better known as the Cumberland Road, becoming the first United States federal highway.

April

• April 8 - Marriage of Stephanie de Beauharnais to Prince Karl Ludwig Friedrich.

May

• May 30 - Andrew Jackson kills a man in a duel after the man had accused Jackson's wife of bigamy.

June

• June 5 - Louis Bonaparte is appointed as king of Holland by his brother emperor Napoleon.

July

• July 4 - Battle of Maida between England and France in Calabria.
• July 10 - Vellore Mutiny: the first instance of a mutiny by the Indian sepoys against the British East India Company.
• July 15 - Pike expedition: Near St. Louis, Missouri, United States Army Lieutenant Zebulon Pike leads an expedition from Fort Belle Fountaine to explore the west.

August

• August 6 - Francis II, the last Holy Roman Emperor, abdicates, thus ending the Holy Roman Empire.

September

• September - Prussia declares war on France, and is joined by Saxony and other minor German states.
• September 23 - The Lewis and Clark Expedition reaches St. Louis, Missouri, ending a successful exploration of the Louisiana Territory and the Pacific Northwest.

October

• October 14 - Battle of Jena-Auerstädt - Napoleon defeats the Prussian army of Prince Hohenlohe at Jena while Marshal Davout defeats the main Prussian army under the Duke of Brunswick, who is killed.
• October 19 - Emperor Jacques I of Haiti (Jean-Jacques Dessalines) is assassinated at the Pont-Rouge Haiti.
• October 24 - French forces enter Berlin.

November

• November - Napoleon declares a Continental Blockade against the British.
• November 15 - Pike expedition: During his second exploratory expedition, Lieutenant Zebulon Pike sees a distant mountain peak while near the Colorado foothills of the Rocky Mountains (it was later named Pikes Peak in his honor).
• November 24 - The last major Prussian field force, under Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, surrenders to the French near Lübeck. The king of Prussia has by this time fled to Russia.
• November 30 - Napoleon captures Warsaw.

December

• December 26 - Battle of Pultusk: Russian forces under General Bennigsen narrowly escape from a direct confrontation with Napoleon, who goes into winter quarters.

Unknown dates

• Noah Webster publishes his first American English dictionary.

Ongoing events

• Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815) - Fourth Coalition
• Russo-Turkish War, 1806-1812

Births

• January 27 - Juan Crisóstomo Arriaga, Spanish composer (d. 1826)
• February 22 - Józef Kremer, Polish messianistic philosopher (d. 1875)
• March 6 - Elizabeth Barrett Browning, English poet (d. 1861)
• March 12 - Jane Pierce, First Lady of the United States (d. 1863)
• March 21 - Benito Juárez, Mexican statesman and folk hero (d. 1872)
• April 3 - Ivan Kireevsky, Russian literary critic and philosopher (d. 1856)
• April 6 - Friedrich Wilhelm Ritschl, German scholar (d. 1876)
• April 9 - Isambard Kingdom Brunel, British engineer (d. 1859)
• May 20 - John Stuart Mill, British philosopher (d. 1873)
• June 28 - Napoleon Coste, French guitarist and composer (d. 1883)
• July 5 - James Dawson, Aboriginal Guardian (d. 1900)
• October 3 - Oliver Cowdery, American religious leader (d. 1850)
• December 11 - Otto Wilhelm Hermann von Abich, German geologist (d. 1886)

Deaths

• January 23 - William Pitt the Younger, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1759)
• February 2 - Rétif de la Bretonne, French writer (b. 1734)
• February 19 - Elizabeth Carter, English writer (b. 1717)
• February 20 - Lachlan McIntosh, Scottish-born American military and political leader (b. 1725)
• March 23 - George Pinto English composer (b. 1785)
• April 9 - William V of Orange (b. 1748)
• April 22 - Pierre-Charles Villeneuve, French admiral (stabbed) (b. 1763)
• May 24 - John Campbell, 5th Duke of Argyll, British field marshal (b. 1723)
• June 23 - Mathurin Jacques Brisson, French naturalist (b. 1723)
• July 10 - George Stubbs, English painter (b. 1724)
• July 11 - James Smith, American signer of the Declaration of Independence
• August 10 - Michael Haydn, Austrian composer (b. 1737)
• August 22 - Jean-Honoré Fragonard, French painter (b. 1742)
• August 23 - Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, French physicist (b. 1736)
• September 9 - William Paterson, Signer of the United States Constitution, Governor of New Jersey (b. 1745)
• October 9 - Benjamin Banneker, American astronomer and surveyor (b. 1731)
• October 10 - Louis Ferdinand of Prussia, German prince (b. 1772)
• December 22 - William Vernon, American merchant (b. 1719)
• Mungo Park, Scottish explorer (b. 1771)

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