1890

1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar).

Events

• January 1 - The Kingdom of Italy establishes Eritrea as its colony in northeast Africa.
• January 2 - Alice Sanger becomes the first female staffer in the White House.
• January 9 - Phi Beta Sigma fraternity is founded.
• January 25 - The United Mine Workers of America is founded.
• January 25 - Nellie Bly completes her round-the-world journey in 72 days.
• March 1 - Léon Bourgeois succeeds Ernest Constans as French Mister of the Interior.
• March 4 - The longest bridge in Britain, the Forth Bridge (1,710 ft) in Scotland, is opened.
• March 20 - Wilhelm II of Germany fires Otto von Bismarck.
• March 27 - A tornado strikes Louisville, Kentucky, killing 76 people and injuring 200.
• March 28 - Washington State University founded in Pullman, Washington.
• May 12 - The first ever official County Championship cricket match begins in Bristol. Yorkshire beats Gloucestershire by eight wickets.
• June 1 - The United States Census Bureau begins using Herman Hollerith's tabulating machine to count census returns.
• July 1 - Britain receives Zanzibar from Germany in exchange for Heligoland.
• July 2 - The Sherman Anti-Trust Act and Sherman Silver Purchase Act become United States law.
• July 3 - Idaho is admitted as the 43rd U.S. state.
• July 10 - Wyoming is admitted as the 44th U.S. state.
• July 27 - Vincent van Gogh shoots himself in the chest and dies two days later.
• August 6 - At Auburn Prison in New York, William Kemmler becomes the first prisoner to be executed in the electric chair.
• October 8 - First flight of Clement's Ader airplane "Eole" In Satory, France. In Greek mythology, Eole is the god of the winds.
• October 11 - In Washington, DC, the Daughters of the American Revolution is founded.
• October 13 - The Delta Chi Fraternity is founded by 11 law students at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.
• November 23 - King William III of the Netherlands dies without a male heir, and his daughter Princess Wilhelmina becomes Queen, causing Luxembourg (who required a male heir) to declare independence.
• November 29 - The Meiji Constitution goes into effect in Japan and the first Diet convenes.
• November 29 - In West Point, New York, the United States Navy defeats the United States Army 24 to 0 in the first Army-Navy football game.
• December 29 - The United States Seventh Cavalry massacres over 400 men, women and children at Wounded Knee, South Dakota (see Wounded Knee Massacre).

Unknown dates

• Scotland Yard moves to the Embankment.
• The corrugated cardboard box is invented by Robert Gair.
• U.S. Census - Herman Hollerith devises a method using punch cards (like Jacquard's loom) to tabulate census data by machine. (see also History of computing hardware). Hollerith's company eventually becomes IBM.
• Prosecution of Edward King, Anglican bishop of Lincoln for using ritualistic practices ends.
• The bustle goes out of fashion.
• The United States city of Boise, Idaho drills the first geothermal well.

Births

January

• January 1 - Anton Melik, Slovenian geographer (slaughtered by treasure hunters 1966)
• January 4 - Victor Lustig, Bohemian-born con artist (conned out of life1947)
• January 9 - Kurt Tucholsky, German-born journalist and satirist (wrote about their own death.(suicide note) 1935)
• January 9 - Karel Čapek, Czech writer (he was czech 1938)
• January 19 - Élise Rivet, French Roman Catholic nun and war heroine (died during a war1945)
• January 22 - Fred M. Vinson, Chief Justice of the United States (died 1953)

February

• February 10 - Boris Pasternak, Russian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (declined) (died 1960)
• February 14 - Nina Hamnett, Welsh artist (died 1956)
• February 17 - Ronald Fisher, English biologist (died 1962)
• February 18 - Adolphe Menjou, American actor (died 1963)
• February 24 - Marjorie Main, American actress (died 1975)
• February 25 - Dame Myra Hess, English pianist (died 1965)
• February 27 - Freddie Keppard, American jazz musician (died 1933)

March

• March 3 - Norman Bethune, Canadian doctor and humanitarian (died 1939)
• March 9 - (new style) Vyacheslav Molotov, Soviet politician (died 1986)
• March 11 - Vannevar Bush, American engineer, inventor, and politician (died 1974)
• March 20 - Beniamino Gigli, Italian tenor (died 1957)
• March 20 - Lauritz Melchior, Danish-American tenor (died 1973)
• March 28 - Paul Whiteman, American bandleader (died 1967)
• March 31 - William Lawrence Bragg, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1971)

April

• April 6 - Anthony Fokker, Dutch aircraft manufacturer (died 1939)
• April 7 - Marjory Stoneman Douglas, American conservationist and writer (died 1998)
• April 11 - Donna Rachele Mussolini, Italian, wife of Benito Mussolini (died 1979)
• April 16 - Fred Root, English cricketer (d. 1954)
• April 20 - Maurice Duplessis, premier of Québec, known as "Le Chef" (d. 1959)

May

• May 4 - Franklin Carmichael, Canadian artist (died 1945)
• May 10 - Alfred Jodl, German general (died 1946)
• May 11 - Woodall Rodgers, mayor of Dallas, Texas (died 1961)
• May 15 - Katherine Anne Porter, American author (died 1980)
• May 19 - Ho Chi Minh, Prime minister/president of North Vietnam (died 1969)
• May 23 - Herbert Marshall, English actor (died 1966)

June

• June 6 - Ted Lewis, American jazz musician and entertainer (died 1971)
• June 16 - Stan Laurel, British actor (died 1965)
• June 26 - Jeanne Eagels, American actress (died 1929)

July

• July 18 - Frank Forde, Australian Prime Minister (died 1983)
• July 22 - Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, American philanthropist and matriarch of the Kennedy family (died 1995)

August

• August 5 - Erich Kleiber, Austrian conductor (died 1956)
• August 15 - Jacques Ibert, French composer (died 1962)
• August 18 - Walther Funk, German Nazi politician (died 1960)
• August 20 - Howard Phillips Lovecraft, American writer (died 1937)
• August 24 - Duke Kahanamoku, American swimmer (died 1968)

September

• September 10 - Elsa Schiaparelli, French couturiere (died 1973)
• September 15 - Agatha Christie, English writer (died 1976)
• September 15 - Frank Martin, Swiss composer (died 1974)
• September 20 - Jelly Roll Morton, American jazz pianist, composer, and bandleader (died 1941)

October

• October 2 - Groucho Marx, American comedian (died 1977)
• October 8 - Eddie Rickenbacker, American WWI fighter pilot (died 1973)
• October 13 - Conrad Richter, American novelist and short story writer (d. 1968)
• October 14 - Dwight David Eisenhower, U.S. general and President of the United States (died 1969)
• October 16 - Michael Collins, Irish patriot (died 1922)
• October 16 - Paul Strand, American photographer (died 1976)
• October 17 - Roy Kilner, English cricketer (died 1928)

November

• November 22 - Charles de Gaulle, President of France (died 1970)
• November 23 - El Lissitzky, Russian artist and architect (died 1941)

December

• December 5 - David Bomberg, English painter (died 1957)
• December 8 - Bohuslav Martinů, Czech composer (died 1959)
• December 11 - Carlos Gardel, Argentine tango singer (died 1955)
• December 20 - Jaroslav Heyrovský, Czech chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1967)
• December 21 - Hermann Joseph Muller, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (died 1967)
• December 26 - Uncle Charlie Osborne, Appalachian fiddler (died 1992)
• December 30 - Lanoe Hawker, British fighter pilot (died 1916)

Unknown date

• November 25 1268 Bechara El Khoury, President of Lebanon (died November 25 1964)

Deaths

• January 18 - King Amadeus I of Spain (born 1845)
• February 22 - John Jacob Astor III, American businessman (born 1822)
• February 22 - Carl Heinrich Bloch, Danish painter (born 1834)
• April 11 - Joseph Carey Merrick, English oddity (born 1862)
• June 30 - Samuel Parkman Tuckerman, American composer (born 1819)
• July 9 - Clinton B. Fisk, American philanthropist and temperance activist (born 1828)
• July 15 - Gottfried Keller, Swiss writer (born 1819)
• July 29 - Vincent van Gogh, Dutch painter (born 1853)
• August 11 - John Henry Newman, English Roman Catholic Cardinal (born 1801)
• October 4 - Catherine Booth, the Mother of The Salvation Army (born 1829)
• October 26 - Carlo Collodi, Italian writer (born 1826)
• November 3 - Ulrich Ochsenbein, member of the Swiss Federal Council (born 1811)
• November 8 - César Franck, Belgian composer and organist (born 1822)
• November 23 - King William III of the Netherlands (born 1817)
• November 24 - August Belmont, Sr., Prussian-born financier (born 1816)
• December 26 - Heinrich Schliemann, German archaeologist (born 1822)

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