457 BC

Centuries:	6th century BC · 5th century BC · 4th century BC
Decades:	480s BC 470s BC 460s BC 450s BC 440s BC 430s BC 420s BC
Years:	460 BC 459 BC 458 BC 457 BC 456 BC 455 BC 454 BC

Events

Athens, the leader of the Delian League, comes into conflict with Corinth and its ally Sparta (leader of the Peloponnesian League) over Megara. Nicodemes of Sparta, regent for King Pleistoanax, leads an army of 11,500 hoplites into Boeotia to help Thebes put down a rebellion by Phocis.
Athenian forces block the routes back to the Peloponnese, so the Spartans decide to remain in Boeotia and await the Athenian attack. The Athenians and their allies, with 14,000 men under the command of Myronides, meet the Spartans at Battle of Tanagra. The Spartans win the battle, but they lose many men and so were unable to follow up on their victory.
The Athenians regroup after the battle and march into Boeotia. Led by Myronides, the Athenians defeat the Boeotians at Battle of Oenophyta, and then destroy the walls of Tanagra and ravage Locris and Phocis.
Athens goes on to defeat Aegina later in the year, and to finish the construction of the Long Walls to the Athenian port of Piraeus (an action opposed by Sparta).
Boeotia, Phocis and Opuntian Locris become members of the Delian League. Athens now has enrolled in the Delian League all the Boeotian cities except Thebes. Aegina is forced to become a member of the League. It is assessed, with Thasos, for a yearly contribution to the League of 30 talents.
The Zeus Temple at Olympia is completed.

Decree of Artaxerxes I to re-establish the city government of Jerusalem. See Ezra 7, Daniel 9 and Nehemiah 1 in Old Testament.