Hotaki

History of IranEmpires of Persia - Kings of Persia Proto-Elamite civilization (3200–2700 BCE) Jiroft civilization (3000–5th c. BCE) Elamite dynasties (2700–539 BCE) Kingdom of Mannai (10th–7th c. BCE) Median Empire (728–550 BCE) Achaemenid Empire (648–330 BCE) Seleucid Empire (330–150 BCE) Parthian Empire (250 BCE– 226 CE) Sassanid Dynasty (226–650) Patriarchal Caliphate (637–651) Umayyad Caliphate (661-750) Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258) Tahirid dynasty (821–873) Alavid dynasty (864–928) Saffarid dynasty (861–1003) Samanid dynasty (875–999) Ziyarid dynasty (928–1043) Buwayhid dynasty (934–1055) Ghaznavid Empire (963–1187) Ghori dynasty (1149–1212) Seljukid Empire (1037–1194) Khwarezmid dynasty (1077–1231) Ilkhanate (1256–1353) Muzaffarid dynasty (1314–1393) Chupanid dyansty (1337–1357) Jalayerid dynasty (1339–1432) Timurid Empire (1370–1506) Qara Qoyunlu Turcomans (1407–1468) Aq Qoyunlu Turcomans (1378–1508) Safavid Empire (1501–1722/1736) Hotaki Ghilzai dynasty (1722–1729) Afsharid dynasty (1736–1802) Zand dynasty (1750–1794) Qajar dynasty (1781–1925) Pahlavi dynasty (1925–1979) Islamic Revolution (1979) Provisional Government (1979–1980) Islamic Republic of Iran (1980–Present)
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The Hotaki dynasty (1709-1736) was founded by Mirwais Khan Hotak, an ethnic Pashtun (Afghan) from the Ghilzai clan, of Kandahar province in modern-day Afghanistan. Mirwais Khan and his followers rose against the Persian rule starting in the city of Kandahar in 1708. Mirwais began his rule by killing Gurgin Khan, the Georgian-born governor of Kandahar province. Next, Mirwais ordered the deaths of the remaining Persian government officials in the region. The Afghans then defeated the entire Persian army that was dispatched from Isfahan (former capital of present-day Iran).

Following Mirwais Khan's death in 1715, his son Mahmud Hotaki led an Afghan army to invade Persia, defeated the Persians at Isfahan in 1722 and declared himself Shah of Persia (meaning King of Persia). The dynasty was a troubled and violent one as internecine conflict made it difficult to establish permanent control. The Hotaki dynasty lived under great turmoil due to bloody succession feuds that made their hold on power tenuous. Nadir Shah of Persia defeated them in the Battle of Damghan, 1729.

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