John IV of Portugal
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Portuguese Royalty
House of Braganza |
| | John IV |
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| Children include | | Teodósio, Prince of Brazil | | Joana, Princess of Beira | | Infanta Catarina, Queen of England | | Afonso, Prince of Brazil (future Afonso VI) | | Infante Pedro, Duke of Beja (future Peter II) | | Afonso VI |
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| Peter II |
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| Children include | | Isabel Luísa, Princess of Beira | | João, Prince of Brazil (future John V) | | Infante Francisco, Duke of Beja | | Infante António | | Infante Manuel, Count of Ourém | | Infanta Francisca Josefa | | Luísa, Duchess of Cadaval (natural daughter) | | José, Archbishop of Braga (natural son) | | John V |
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| Children include | | Infanta Maria Bárbara, Queen of Spain | | José, Prince of Brazil (future Joseph I) | | Pedro, Prince of Brazil (future Peter III) | | Joseph I |
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| Children include | | Maria Francisca, Princess of Beira (future Maria I) | | Infanta Maria Ana Francisca Josefa | | Infanta Maria Francisca Doroteia | | Benedita, Dowager Princess of Brazil | | Maria I and Peter III |
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| Children include | | José, Prince of Brazil | | João, Prince of Brazil (future John VI) | | Infanta Mariana | | John VI |
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| Children include | | Maria Teresa, Princess of Beira | | Infanta Maria Isabel, Queen of Spain | | Infante Pedro, Prince of Brazil (future Peter IV (I of Brazil) | | Infanta Maria Francisca, Countess of Molina | | Infanta Isabel Maria | | Infante Miguel, Duke of Braganza (future Miguel I) | | Infanta Maria da Assunção | | Infanta Ana de Jesus Maria, Duchess of Loulé | | Peter IV (I of Brazil) |
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| Children include | | Infanta Maria da Glória, Duchess of Porto (future Maria II) | | Januária, Princess Imperial of Brazil | | Princess Francisca, Princess de Joinville | | Prince Peter (Peter II of Brazil) | | Michael I |
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| Children include | | Infanta Maria das Neves, Duchess of San Jaime | | Miguel II, Duke of Braganza | | Infanta Teresa, Archduchess of Austria | | Infanta Maria Josefa, Duchess in Bavaria | | Infanta Adelgundes, Duchess of Guimarães, Countess di Bardi | | Infanta Maria Ana, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg | | Infanta Maria Antónia, Duchess of Parma | | Grandchildren include | | Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza | | Great-Grandchildren include | | Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza | | Maria II and Ferdinand II |
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| Children include | | Pedro, Prince Royal of Portugal, Duke of Braganza (future Pedro V) | | Infante Luís, Duke of Porto (future Luís I) | | Infante João, Duke of Beja | | Infanta Maria Ana | | Infanta Antónia, Princess of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen | | Infante Augusto, Duke of Coimbra | | Grandchildren include | | Carlos, Prince Royal of Portugal, Duke of Braganza (future Carlos I) | | Great-grandchildren include | | Luís Filipe, Prince Royal of Portugal, Duke of Braganza | | Infante Manuel, Duke of Beja (future Manuel II) |
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John IV, King of Portugal (Portuguese: João IV de Portugal pron. IPA [ʒu'ɐ̃ũ]; March 1603–November 6, 1656) was the king of Portugal and the Algarves from 1640 to his death. He was the grandson of Catherine, Duchess of Braganza, who had in 1580 claimed the Portuguese crown and sparked the struggle for the throne of Portugal. John was nicknamed John the Restorer (João o Restaurador).
John was born at Vila Viçosa and succeeded his father Teodósio II as Duke of Braganza when the latter died insane in 1630. He married Luisa de Guzman (1613-1666), eldest daughter of the Duke of Medina-Sidonia, in 1633. By the unanimous voice of the people he was raised to the throne of Portugal (of which he was held to be the legitimate heir) during the revolution on December 1, 1640, against the Spanish king Philip IV.
His accession led to a protracted war (the Portuguese Restoration War) with Spain, which only ended with the recognition of Portuguese independence in a subsequent reign (1668). Portugal signed alliances with France (June 1, 1641) and Sweden (August 1641) but by necessity its only contributions in the Thirty Years' War were in the field against Spain and against Dutch encroachments on the Portuguese colonies.
In Portugal, a Spanish invasion was defeated at Montijo, near Badajoz, Spain, in 1644. Abroad, the Dutch took Malacca (Jan 1641) and the Sultan of Oman captured Muscat (1648). Nevertheless the Portuguese, despite having to divide their forces among Europe, Brazil and Africa, managed to retake Luanda, in Angola, from the Dutch in 1648 and, by 1654, had recovered most of NorthEast of Brazil, effectively ceasing to be a viable Dutch colony. This was countered by the loss of Ceilan (Portuguese Ceilão), present day Sri Lanka, to the Dutch who took Colombo in 1656.
King John IV died in 1656 and was succeeded by his son Afonso VI. His daughter Catarina married King Charles II of England.
John was a patron of music and the arts, and a considerably sophisticated writer on music; in addition to this, he was a composer. During his reign he collected one of the largest libraries in the world, but it was destroyed in the Lisbon earthquake of 1755. Among his writings is a defense of Palestrina, and a Defense of Modern Music (Lisbon, 1649).
