Juventus F.C.
- "Juventus" redirects here. For other uses, see Juventus (disambiguation).
| Juventus F.C. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Full name | Juventus Football Club SpA | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nickname(s) | La Vecchia Signora (The Old Lady) La Fidanzata d'Italia (The Girlfriend of Italy) Bianconeri (White-Blacks) Zebre (Zebras) Juve | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Founded | November 1,1897 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ground | Stadio delle Alpi / Stadio Grande Torino (2006-07) Turin, Italy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capacity | 67,229 / 27,128 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chairman |  Giovanni Cobolli Gigli | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Head Coach |  Didier Deschamps | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| League | Serie B | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2005-06 | Serie A, 1st (relegated; see 2006 Serie A scandal) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Juventus Football Club (Latin: youth, IPA: [ju.ˈvɛn.tus]; Also known as Juventus Turin, Juventus Torino, Juventus FC, or simply Juve) is a football club from Turin, Italy. The club currently plays in the Italian Second Division, Serie B.
Founded in 1897, Juventus is one of the oldest and most renowned football clubs of the country (together with A.C. Milan and F.C. Internazionale Milano) and, historically, one of the most successful [1] football clubs of the world with 11 official international titles. Juventus was the first club to have won all three Major European trophies at least once: the European Cup (now the UEFA Champions League), the (now-defunct) Cup Winner's Cup and the UEFA Cup, a feat achieved by only two other clubs since. Juventus is also the only team in the world to have won all international official championships (all official European tournaments and the Intercontinental Champions Club' Cup).
With 40 official national titles in team honours (27 National Championships, 9 National Cups and 4 Italian Supercups), Juventus is the most successful Italian football club.
Juventus is nicknamed la Vecchia Signora (the Old Lady, by the first official name and the Style of the club), La Fidanzata d'Italia (the Italian Girlfriend, by the supporters), i bianconeri (black-and-whites, which are the colours of the club), zebre (zebras), or depreciatively gobbi (humpbacks, from latin goeba) by rival supporters
Juventus were one of the founding members of the G-14, a group that represents the eighteen main football clubs of Europe.
Juventus F.C. were at the centre of the 2006 Serie A scandal and will not be permitted to compete in major Italian and European competitions during the 2006/07 season. They were also relegated from Serie A (the Italian first division) for the first time in their history.
History
There is no clear information regarding the birth of Juventus - there are no records which document it nor any official papers or newspapers. The only document is the one from 1914, written by Enrico Canfari, one of the founders.
Juventus F.C. was supposedly founded in November 1897 by some teachers from Massimo D'Azeglio Lyceum with the name Società Polisportiva Augusta Taurinorum. The team won an early version of the national league title as early as 1905, but did not win their second until 1926. In 1923, the Agnelli family (who are also the owners of Fiat) gained control of the club, and built a private stadium in Villar Perosa (near Turin) and a complete set of facilities and services.
From 1931, the club collected the record of five consecutive Italian league championships (Italian scudetto). In 1933, they began playing at the Stadio Municipale 'Benito Mussolini' (later renamed Stadio Comunale). Post-war the club was very successful domestically, winning its tenth championship in 1961. European success did not come until 1977, when they won the UEFA Cup.
Until recently, Juventus' players had to have short (and regular) hair (there was only one exception to this rule: in the 1970s right winger Franco Causio was so popular that the club allowed him to have long hair); the club also provided the team with official formal wear (made by famous tailors) and forced them to complete their educational studies. Most of its players remained with Juventus until the end of their careers; many still work for the club or for Fiat (or related companies).
European champions
The height of European success was not reached until 1985, when they won the European Champions Cup, but this success was largely overshadowed by the Heysel Stadium disaster that had occurred during the final between Juventus and Liverpool. Juventus repeated the success by winning the Champions League for a second time in 1996 in a penalty shootout against Ajax Amsterdam, and have not won it again since, the closest chance being when they reached the 2003 final against A.C. Milan. The game ended in a goaless draw, 0-0, and so again had to be decided in a penalty shootout, but this time they lost. Between 1996 and 1998, they appeared in all three Champions League finals, losing two to Borussia Dortmund in 1997 and to Real Madrid in 1998.
Juventus also won the Cup Winners' Cup in 1984 and two more UEFA Cup titles (1990, 1993), in addition to the 1977 win. Due to their success winning all three major European trophies(Champions Cup, Winners Cup & UEFA Cup), they received "The UEFA Plate", as the first club to achieve the feat. Since then, the only Ajax Amsterdam and FC Bayern Munich have won all three trophies. Despite this success, due to their poor domestic season in 1999, they were forced into the ignominy of entering the UEFA Intertoto Cup in order to qualify for Europe.They have won 27 Italian titles and nine Coppa Italias to date, both national records.
Record breaking Juventus
The two stars on the Juventus shirt signifies that they have won the Scudetto over 20 times. In fact, Juventus have won the Italian Championship 27 times, more than any other Italian club - indeed, no other club has won the championship over 20 times. Juventus were stripped of what would have been their 28th and 29th championships (in 2005 and 2006) when they were found guilty of sporting fraud (see 2006 Serie A corruption scandal below or 2006 Serie A scandal).
Juventus is now a corporation, listed on the Borsa Italiana. The sale of Zinedine Zidane to Real Madrid of Spain in 2001 was the most expensive in football to date, costing the Spanish club over US$65 million, (approximately £48 million).
On January 10, 2006, Alessandro Del Piero became the all-time leading goalscorer for Juventus when he scored three times in a match against Fiorentina, taking his total goal tally for the club to 185. The previous record holder was Giampiero Boniperti, who scored 182 goals for the club. On October 28, 2006, Del Piero scored the 200th goal for Juventus in a match against Frosinone. He became the first person to score 200 or more goals for Juventus.
Colours
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| Juventus' current third kit. | |||||||||
Juventus have played in black and white striped shirts and white shorts (in some seasons black shorts) since 1903. Originally, they got kits from English side Notts County. Prior to this, the team played in pink shirts with polka dots (pink being the cheapest material available) with a black tie, but continual washing faded the colour so much that in 1903 they sought to replace them. The club asked one of their team members, Englishman John Savage, if he had any contacts in England who could supply new shirts in a colour that would better withstand the elements. He had a friend who lived in Nottingham, who being a Notts County supporter, shipped out the black and white striped shirts to Turin. Juventus have worn the shirts ever since.
Supporters
Juventus is the most well supported football club in Italy with 11,040,000 fans (31% of Italian football fans, according to the Doxa Institute-L'Expresso’s research of April 2006),[2] and one of the most supported football clubs in the world. Famous fans include Luciano Pavarotti, former French President Francois Mitterand, and the former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev amongst others. Despite this, attendances at Juventus home matches average about 35,000; much less than similarly renowned European teams.
Contrastingly, demand for Juventus tickets in occasional home games held away from Turin is high. This suggests that the team has proportionally fewer dedicated supporters from their own city than other major teams, but strong support throughout the rest of Italy.
Rivalries
Despite (or perhaps because of) their huge popularity, Juventus have many rivals in Italy. Juventus' main rivals sometimes cite the difference in the success of the club domestically and in European competition, suggesting "influenced" refereeing in Italy as the cause. However Juve have won 11 official continental titles[3].
Significant rivalries include those with neighbours Torino, and also Internazionale, AC Milan, Fiorentina, AS Roma, and S.S. Lazio.
Notably, matches between Juventus and Internazionale are referred to as the Derby d'Italia (Derby of Italy), as these sides are the most supported in Italy. This rivalry has intensified in recent years due to disagreements between the two clubs.
Libyan shareholders
The family of the Libyan leader, Muammar al-Gaddafi, holds a 7.5 percent stake of Juventus shares through the Libyan Arab Foreign Investment Company (LAFICO) since 2002.[4] Also, the sole Official Sponsor is Tamoil, an oil company based in the Netherlands and set up by the Libyan state.
Doping accusations
In 1998, former A.S. Roma manager Zdeněk Zeman accused Juventus physicians of doping their players from the 1993-94 to 1997-98 seasons. After several years of official inquiries and 2 trials by UEFA and FIGC, Juventus were cleared of all charges by the international Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) in Lausanne, Switzerland. Neither the pharmaceutical substances that were in question were banned nor did any Juventus players have positve test results for any illegal doping substances [6]. The Juventus physician, Riccardo Agricola, was also cleared of all the doping charges on appeal [7]. The substances in question were principally creatine - which is considered a legal athletic supplement and has never been prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency - and Erythropoietin, legal in sports medicine and used frequently among cyclists, but prohibited by WADA at the start of the 2000-01 season).
2006 Serie A corruption scandal
During May 2006, Juventus were one of four clubs (along with A.C. Milan, ACF Fiorentina, and S.S. Lazio Roma) linked to an Italian match fixing scandal. The scandal centered around Juventus' then general manager; Luciano Moggi, who along with other Italian football federation figures were accused of "slealta`" (dishonest sporting behavior) and "illecito Sportivo"(illegal sports actions). Moggi was accused of trying to "influence" referee assigners in order to have certain referees assigned to Juventus' matches. Moggi was also accused of "sequestro di persona" (kidnapping) for having locked a referee in his dressing room at the stadium after a loss. On May 13, Moggi along with two other members of the board resigned, along with the entire Juventus administrative council. No players were accused of any wrong-doing.
Trial
Juventus, A.C. Milan, ACF Fiorentina and S.S. Lazio Roma were ordered to stand trial on June 28 2006. A day before the trial, Juventus' new director of sport Gianluca Pessotto, fell from a 4th story window, seriously injuring himself. Reports claimed that Pessoto was clutching a rosary, an indication of a possible suicide attempt related to stress due to the scandal.[5]Later Pessotto’s wife said that his suicide attempt was nothing to do with the scandal but to do with his job and other personal reasons.
Manager Fabio Capello left Juventus in early July 2006 for Real Madrid. He was replaced by former French international Didier Deschamps, who had played for Juventus in the 1990s.[6] The Italian Football Federation's prosecutor, Stefano Palazzi, called for Juventus, Lazio, Fiorentina and AC Milan to be thrown out of Serie A. He called for Juventus to drop to at least Serie C1 and for AC Milan, Fiorentina and Lazio to drop to at least Serie B. He also asked for points penalties to be imposed and that Juventus be stripped of their 2005 and 2006 scudetti.[7]
When the sentences were handed down, Juventus was stripped of their 2005 and 2006 scudetti and relegated to Serie B.[8] They were also kicked out of the UEFA Champions League for the forthcoming 2006/07 season. Juventus was also docked 30 points for 2006/2007, which club president Giovanni Cobolli Gigli called the equivalent of being knocked down to Serie C1. The 30-point deduction--the equivalent of having 10 wins count for nothing--would have made it very difficult for Juventus to return to Serie A until 2008 at the earliest.
Juventus appealed the decision. Though the court refused Juventus' request for reinstatement to Serie A and to restore Juventus' 2005 and 2006 titles, it did reduce Juventus' point deduction from 30 to 17. The court also required Juventus to play their first three home matches at neutral sites. Recently, Juventus had their 17 point penalty reduced to 9 points.[9]
Juventus said they "absolutely cannot accept" even these reduced sanctions, and filed an appeal at the Lazio regional court in a last effort to be reinstated into Serie A, but withdrew the appeal on August 31. [10] [11].
Aftermath
Six key players have been sold to other clubs during the summer of 2006: Emerson and Italian national captain Fabio Cannavaro both rejoined Fabio Capello at Real Madrid, while Cannavaro's fullback colleague Gianluca Zambrotta and French defender Lilian Thuram were signed by Barcelona. Patrick Vieira moved to Inter Milan for a reported sum of €9.5m along with striker Zlatan Ibrahimović for €24.8m. Some of the club's top stars did however remain loyal to the club, including goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon, former Czech star Pavel Nedvěd, long-serving striker Alessandro Del Piero, Mauro Camoranesi and French striker David Trézéguet though Trézéguet had said that he was forced to stay at Juventus.
The 2006 scudetto was awarded to rivals Inter Milan (who finished in 3rd place behind Juventus and Milan), while the 2005 title is vacant. Since the trial, some further controversy has emerged especially among the Juve fanbase, due to perceived bias in favour of Inter Milan who were the main beneficiary from the 2006 Serie A scandal. The company who caught the infamous Moggi phone taps; Telecom Italia has since been taken over by President of the FIGC Guido Rossi from Marco Tronchetti, who is also the president of Inter's main sponsor Pirelli. This is coupled with the fact that Rossi is said to be a loyal Inter fan.[12]
Current season
Following the sanctions, Juventus are now playing outside the top flight for the first time in their history, leaving Internazionale as the only Italian club to never have been relegated. The team made its Serie B debut on September 9, 2006, earning their first ever point in Serie B with a 1-1 draw away to Rimini Calcio F.C..
After that, Juventus won its next eight games, scoring 16 goals and conceding just one. The winning streak ended with a 1-1 draw at Napoli. In that game, goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon's streak of not conceding a goal ended at 733 minutes. Against Albinoleffe, Buffon was shown the red card for the first time in his career and conceded a penalty, but a 10-man Juve team managed to tie the game. They are undefeated in Serie B and are currently top of the table, joint on points with Napoli but ahead on goal difference.
| Game No. | Date | Home Team | Score | Away Team | Score | Goal Scorers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sep.09.2006 | Rimini | 1 | Juventus | 1 | Matteo Paro (1) |
| 2 | Sep.16.2006 | Juventus | 2 | Vicenza | 1 | David Trezeguet (1), Alessandro Del Piero (1) |
| 3 | Sep.19.2006 | Crotone | 0 | Juventus | 3 | Valeri Bojinov (1,2), Jean-Alain Boumsong (1) |
| 4 | Sep.23.2006 | Juventus | 4 | Modena | 0 | David Trezeguet (2,3), Alessandro Del Piero (2), Pavel Nedvěd (1) |
| 5 | Sep.30.2006 | Piacenza | 0 | Juventus | 2 | David Trezeguet (4,5) |
| 7 | Oct.16.2006 | Treviso | 0 | Juventus | 1 | Cristiano Zanetti (1) |
| 8 | Oct.21.2006 | Triestina | 0 | Juventus | 1 | Cristiano Zanetti (2) |
| 9 | Oct.28.2006 | Juventus | 1 | Frosinone | 0 | Alessandro Del Piero (3) |
| 6* | Nov.01.2006 | Juventus | 2 | Brescia | 0 | Alessandro Del Piero (4), Corrado Colombo (o.g. - Brescia) |
| 10 | Nov.06.2006 | Napoli | 1 | Juventus | 1 | Alessandro Del Piero (5) |
| 11 | Nov.11.2006 | Juventus | 2 | Pescara | 0 | Pavel Nedvěd (2,3) |
| 12 | Nov.18.2006 | AlbinoLeffe | 1 | Juventus | 1 | Raffaele Palladino (1) |
| 13 | Nov.25.2006 | Juventus | 4 | Lecce | 1 | Valeri Bojinov (3,4), Raffaele Palladino (2), Paolo De Ceglie (1) |
| 14 | Dec.01.2006 | Genoa | 1 | Juventus | 1 | Pavel Nedvěd (4) |
| 15 | Dec.09.2006 | Juventus | - | Verona | - | - |
| 16 | Dec.15.2006 | Juventus | - | Cesena | - | - |
| 17 | Dec.19.2006 | Bologna | - | Juventus | - | - |
| 18 | Dec.23.2006 | Juventus | - | Arezzo | - | - |
| 19 | Jan.13.2007 | Mantova | - | Juventus | - | - |
| 20 | Jan.20.2007 | Juventus | - | Bari | - | - |
| 21 | Jan.27.2007 | Spezia | - | Juventus | - | - |
- re-scheduled from 08.Oct.2006
Current squad
As of 10 September 2006 [13]
Selected Primavera players
These players granted first team shirts
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Out on loan
| MF | Manuele Blasi (at Fiorentina) | |
| GK | Landry Bonnefoi (at Metz) | |
| Luca Cavallaro (at Parma) | ||
| 36 |  | MF | Davide Chiumiento (at Young Boys) |
| MF | Andrea Gasbarroni (at Parma) | |
| 21 | | MF | Olivier Kapo (at Levante) |
| MF | Andrea Luci (at Pescara) | |
| FW | Fabrizio Miccoli (at Benfica) | |
| 24 |  | MF | Ruben Olivera (at Sampdoria) |
| FW | Michele Paolucci (at Ascoli) | |
| 26 | | DF | Andrea Rossi (at Siena) |
| GK | Claudio Scarzanella (at Crotone) | |
| 28 | | FW | Giuseppe Sculli (at Genoa) |
| MF | Alessio Tacchinardi (at Villarreal) | |
| FW | Rey Volpato (at Arezzo) | |
| DF | Francesco Calanchi (return from Cervia, on loan to Cattolica) | |
| DF | Andrea Masiello (co-ownership at Siena) | |
| DF | Domenico Criscito (co-ownership at Genoa) | |
| DF | Giovanni Bartolucci (co-ownership at Siena) |
Transfers 2006/07
- In
| 18 | | DF | Jean-Alain Boumsong (from Newcastle United) €4.8 m |
| 32 | | MF | Marco Marchionni (from Parma) (free transfer) |
| 6 | | MF | Cristiano Zanetti (from Inter) (free transfer) |
| 22 | | GK | Emanuele Belardi (on loan from Reggina) |
| 9 |  | FW | Valeri Bojinov (on loan from Fiorentina) |
| 23 |  | FW | Tomás Guzmán (return from Siena) |
| 30 | | DF | Nicola Legrottaglie (return from Siena) |
| 12 | | GK | Antonio Mirante (return from Siena) |
| 5 |  | DF | Igor Tudor (return from Siena) |
| 20 | | FW | Raffaele Palladino (return from Livorno) |
| 33 | | DF | Orlando Urbano (return from Catanzaro) |
| 19 | | MF | Matteo Paro (from Siena) (co-ownership resolved in favour Juventus) |
| 13 | | DF | Felice Piccolo (return from Lazio) (co-ownership with Reggina resolved in favour Juventus) |
- Out
 | FW | Adrian Mutu (to Fiorentina) €8m | |
| DF | Fabio Cannavaro (to Real Madrid) €7m | |
 | MF | Emerson (to Real Madrid) €16m | |
| DF | Lilian Thuram (to Barcelona) €5m | |
| DF | Gianluca Zambrotta (to Barcelona) €14m | |
 | FW | Zlatan Ibrahimović (to Inter) €24.8m | |
| MF | Patrick Vieira (to Inter) €9.5m | |
| GK | Christian Abbiati (return to AC Milan from loan, on loan to Torino from Milan) | |
| DF | Gladstone (return from Verona, to Cruzeiro) | |
| DF | Gianluca Pessotto (retired, team manager of Juventus) | |
| DF | Pietro Volonnino (retired, youth player of Juventus) |
Retired numbers
- 7 Gianluca Pessotto, fullback and midfielder
Notable former players
- See also List of Juventus players and Category:Juventus F.C. players
1897-1946
| 1946-1969
|
Renato Cesarini
Férénc Hirzer
1970s and 1980s
| 1990 and onwards
|
|
Player records
|
|
(*) player still active in the Juventus F.C. team.
Honours and records
The club is the most successful in Italian football [14], and, internationally (with 11 official international titles - all recognized by UEFA and FIFA) - are globally one of the most successful teams.
- Italian Championships: 27 (record). (note: 2005 and 2006 titles stripped)
- 1905, 1925-26, 1930-31, 1931-32, 1932-33, 1933-34, 1934-35, 1949-50, 1951-52, 1957-58, 1959-60, 1960-61, 1966-67, 1971-72, 1972-73, 1974-75, 1976-77, 1977-78, 1980-81, 1981-82, 1983-84, 1985-86, 1994-95, 1996-97, 1997-98, 2001-02, 2002-03
- Runner-up: 19 times since 1900
- Italian Cups: 9 (record).
- Winners: 1937-38, 1941-42, 1958-59, 1959-60, 1964-65, 1978-79, 1982-83, 1989-90, 1994-95.
- Runner-up: 1972-73, 1991-92, 2001-02, 2003-04
- Italian Supercups: 4
- Winners: 1995, 1997, 2002, 2003.
- Runner-up: 1990, 1998, 2005.
- World Club Championship (former Intercontinental Cup): 2
- Winners: 1985, 1996.
- Runner-up: 1973
- European Cups (now called UEFA Champions League): 2
- Winners: 1984-85, 1995-96.
- Runner-up: 1972-73, 1982-83, 1996-97, 1997-98, 2002-03
- Cup Winners' Cups: 1
- 1983-84.
- UEFA Cups: 3 (joint record with Liverpool FC and Inter Milan).
- Winners: 1976-77, 1989-90, 1992-93.
- Runner-up: 1994-95
- Intertoto Cups: 1
- 1999-2000.
- European Super Cups: 2
- 1984, 1996
(UEFA Super Cup 1985 final with Everton FC, Cup Winners' Cup winners, [15] not played due to the Heysel Stadium disaster).
Also:
- Inter-Cities Fairs Cup (unofficial tournament [16] by Union of European Football Associations).
- Runner-up: 1964-65, 1970-71
Other Trophies:
- Coppa delle Alpi (1): 1963
- Joan Gamper Trophy (1): 2005
- National Department of Public Education Cup (3): 1900; 1901; 1902
- Government of Torino’s Gold Medal (1901)
- First Centenary 1897-1997 Cup: Republic of San Marino Trophy (1997)
- Viareggio Tournament (5): 1961, 1994, 2003, 2004, 2005
- Italian youth team's Championship (4): 1962-63, 1971-72, 1993-94, 2005-06
- Coppa Italia for youth teams (2): 1994-95, 2003-04
- Birra Moretti Cup(5)
Juventus holds several records in regards to trophies they have won;
- First team in Europe to win all Three Major European Trophies, also known as The European Grand Slam, which includes; UEFA Champions League (1985), UEFA Cup Winner's Cup (1984) and UEFA Cup (1977). To date, only three clubs have achieved this; Juventus, Ajax and Bayern München. The Old Lady has received in recognition the Targa UEFA, by UEFA, in 1987.
- The only team in Europe to win all UEFA's Official Championships (the European Intertoto Cup of 1962 and European SuperCup of 1971 in AFC Ajax's palmares are not official trophies by UEFA).
- The only team to win an official European tournament using only Italian players in First team Squad (the UEFA Cup in 1977).
Juventus and the Italian Squad
Juventus has formed significant portions of 4 World Champion Italian squads in the FIFA World Cups - Italy 1934 (with 9 players), Spain 1982 (with 6 players) and Germany 2006 (with 5 players).[17]
References
- ^ Juventus have won more official national official titles than any other Italian team. The Old Lady is the second club in Europe and third club in the world with the most international titles recognized by UEFA and FIFA (only Boca Juniors - with 16 titles - and Real Madrid, Milan and Independiente - all with 15 titles - have more official international titles in the world).
See also Worldwide Historical Ranking of Clubs of Record Sport Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF), updated 03/07/2006. - ^ L'altra metà del pallone: Supporters of football clubs in Italy, L'Expresso April 2006
- ^ Juventus FC: the successes, legalize by Juventus FC: official international Records by the Union of European Football Associations
- ^ [1]
- ^ "Finally, joy for Italy", Belfast Telegraph, 5 July 2006.
- ^ [2]
- ^ "Relegation call for Italian four", BBC, 4 July 2006.
- ^ [3]
- ^ [4]
- ^ [5]
- ^ "Italians face bans if Juve appeal", BBC, 23 August 2006.
- ^ Rossi Telecom takeover at Reuters.com
- ^ Numerazione Ufficiale 2006/07
- ^ Italian Serie A all-time table since 1929 legalize by Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation: RSSSF
- ^ History of the European Super Cup by the Union of European Football Associations
- ^ History of the UEFA Cup by the UEFA.
- ^ Articles: "Juve players at the World Cup" and "1982-2006: The ‘azzurri’ bianconeri" in the official Website
External links
- Juventus.com - Official website (Italian) (English) (Chinese)
- Juventus.ir -Unofficial Website Juventus F.C. Spa .Turin.Italy (Italian) (English)(German)(French)(Polish) and Persian For Juventus Fans Worldwide
- Juventus Fan Club in Vietnam
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Categories
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