Légal Trap
(Redirected from Legal's Mate)
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The Légal Trap or Blackburne Trap is a chess opening trap. Sire de Légal (1702-1792) was a French player, while Joseph Henry Blackburne (1841–1924) was a British master, and one of the world's strongest players in the latter part of the 19th century. There are a number of ways the trap can arise, one of them being (in algebraic notation):
- 1. e4 e5
- 2. Nf3 Nc6
- 3. Bc4 d6
While 3...d6 is a playable answer to the Italian Game, it is somewhat passive, and transposes to a form of the Philidor Defense.
- 4. Nc3 Bg4?!
Black pins the knight in the fight over the center. Strategically this is a good move, but there is a tactical flaw.
- 5. h3
In this position 5.Nxe5? would be an unsound trap. Black could not take White's queen without succumbing to a checkmate in two moves, but 5...Nxe5 would win a knight. Instead, White "puts the question" to the bishop which must either retreat, capture the knight, or as in this game, move the bishop to an insecure square.
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| The Légal mate: 8. Nd5# | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- 5. ... Bh5?
Black maintains the pin, but this is a tactical blunder which loses at least a pawn. Relatively best is 5...Bxf3, surrendering the bishop pair, and giving White a comfortable lead in development, but maintaining material equality, or 5...Be6!?
- 6. Nxe5!
The tactical refutation. White seemingly ignores the pin, and surrenders the queen. Black should now play 6...Nxe5 7.Qxh5 Nxc4 8.Qb5+ followed by 9.Qxc4, when White has won a pawn, but Black can play on. Instead, if Black takes the queen, White will win in two more moves.
- 6. ... Bxd1??
- 7. Bxf7+ Ke7
- 8. Nd5 mate
The final position is a pure mate, for each of the eight squares around the black king, there is exactly one reason the king cannot move there.
Original game
The game Légal played against St Brie in Paris in 1750 ran:
- 1. e4 e5
- 2. Bc4 d6
- 3. Nf3 Bg4
- 4. Nc3 g6?
(simply 4...Nf6, among other moves, is better)
- 5. Nxe5! Bxd1?
(accepting the loss of a pawn with 5...dxe5 6.Qxg4 is better)
- 6. Bxf7+ Ke7
- 7. Nd5#
Occurrence
This kind of mate, where an apparently pinned knight moves anyway, allowing capture of the queen, but leading to a checkmate with both knights and a bishop, occasionally occurs at lower levels of play, though masters would not normally fall for it.
Categories
Chess traps | Chess checkmates
