| State | Government | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|
Afghanistan | presidential republic | |
Albania | parliamentary republic | President Alfred Moisiu | Prime Minister Sali Berisha |
Algeria | semi-presidential republic | President Abdelaziz Bouteflika | Prime Minister Abdelaziz Belkhadem |
Andorra | parliamentary monarchy | Co-Princes Joan Enric Vives Sicília (represented by Nemesi Marqués Oste) and Jacques Chirac (represented by Philippe Massoni) | Head of Government Albert Pintat |
Angola | presidential republic | |
Antigua and Barbuda | parliamentary monarchy1 | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir James Carlisle | Prime Minister Baldwin Spencer |
Argentina | presidential republic | |
Armenia | presidential republic | President Robert Kocharian | Prime Minister Andranik Markaryan |
Australia | parliamentary monarchy1 | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Michael Jeffery | Prime Minister John Howard |
Austria | parliamentary republic | President Heinz Fischer | Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel |
Azerbaijan | presidential republic | President İlham Aliyev | Prime Minister Artur Rasizade |
Bahamas, The | parliamentary monarchy1 | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Arthur Dion Hanna | Prime Minister Perry Christie |
Bahrain | semi-constitutional monarchy | King Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa | Prime Minister Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa |
Bangladesh | parliamentary republic | President Iajuddin Ahmed | Prime Minister Iajuddin Ahmed |
Barbados | parliamentary monarchy1 | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Clifford Husbands | Prime Minister Owen Arthur |
Belarus | presidential republic | President Aleksandr Lukashenko | Prime Minister Sergey Sidorsky |
Belgium | parliamentary monarchy | King Albert II | Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt |
Belize | parliamentary monarchy1 | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Colville Young | Prime Minister Said Musa |
Benin | presidential republic | |
Bhutan | absolute monarchy | Dragon King Jigme Singye Wangchuck | Prime Minister Lyonpo Khandu Wangchuk |
Bolivia | presidential republic | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | federal parliamentary representative democratic republic | Tripartite presidency3: Chairmen of the Presidency Nebojša Radmanović, Haris Silajdžić, Željko Komšić | Prime Minister Adnan Terzić |
Botswana | presidential republic | |
Brazil | presidential republic | |
Brunei | absolute monarchy | |
Bulgaria | parliamentary republic | President Georgi Parvanov | Prime Minister Sergey Stanishev |
Burkina Faso | presidential republic | President Blaise Compaoré | Prime Minister Paramanga Ernest Yonli |
Burundi | presidential republic | |
Cambodia | parliamentary monarchy | King Norodom Sihamoni | Prime Minister Samdech Hun Sen |
Cameroon | presidential republic | President Paul Biya | Prime Minister Ephraïm Inoni |
Canada | parliamentary monarchy1 | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor General Michaëlle Jean | Prime Minister Stephen Harper |
Cape Verde | semi-presidential republic | President Pedro Pires | Prime Minister José Maria Neves |
Central African Republic | presidential republic | President François Bozizé | Prime Minister Élie Doté |
Chad | presidential republic | President Idriss Déby | Prime Minister Pascal Yoadimnadji |
Chile | presidential republic | |
China, People's Republic of | Communist Party-led republic | President Hu Jintao | Premier Wen Jiabao |
Colombia | presidential republic | |
Comoros | presidential republic | |
Congo, Democratic Republic of the | presidential republic | |
Congo, Republic of the | presidential republic | |
Costa Rica | presidential republic | |
Côte d'Ivoire | presidential republic | President Laurent Gbagbo | Prime Minister Charles Konan Banny |
Croatia | parliamentary republic | President Stjepan Mesić | Prime Minister Ivo Sanader |
Cuba | Socialist republic | President Fidel Castro | Prime Minister Fidel Castro |
Cyprus | presidential republic | |
Czech Republic | parliamentary republic | President Václav Klaus | Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek |
Denmark | parliamentary monarchy | Queen Margrethe II | Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen |
Djibouti | presidential republic | President Ismail Omar Guelleh | Prime Minister Dileita Mohamed Dileita |
Dominica | parliamentary republic | President Nicholas Liverpool | Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit |
Dominican Republic | presidential republic | |
East Timor | parliamentary republic | President Xanana Gusmão | Prime Minister José Ramos-Horta |
Ecuador | presidential republic | |
Egypt | presidential republic | President Hosni Mubarak | Prime Minister Ahmed Nazif |
El Salvador | presidential republic | |
Equatorial Guinea | presidential republic | President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo | Prime Minister Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea |
Eritrea | parliamentary republic | |
Estonia | parliamentary republic | President Toomas Hendrik Ilves | Prime Minister Andrus Ansip |
Ethiopia | parliamentary republic | President Girma Wolde-Giorgis | Prime Minister Meles Zenawi |
Fiji | parliamentary republic | President Ratu Josefa Iloilo | Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase |
Finland | semi-presidential republic | President Tarja Halonen | Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen |
France | semi-presidential republic | President Jacques Chirac | Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin |
Gabon | presidential republic | President Omar Bongo | Prime Minister Jean Eyeghe Ndong |
Gambia, The | presidential republic | |
Georgia | presidential republic | President Mikhail Saakashvili | Prime Minister Zurab Noghaideli |
Germany | parliamentary republic | President Horst Köhler | Chancellor Angela Merkel |
Ghana | presidential republic | |
Greece | parliamentary republic | President Karolos Papoulias | Prime Minister Kostas Karamanlis |
Grenada | parliamentary monarchy1 | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Daniel Williams | Prime Minister Keith Mitchell |
Guatemala | presidential republic | |
Guinea | presidential republic | |
Guinea-Bissau | presidential republic | President João Bernardo Vieira | Prime Minister Aristides Gomes |
Guyana | presidential republic | President Bharrat Jagdeo | Prime Minister Sam Hinds |
Haiti | presidential republic | President René Préval | Prime Minister Jacques-Édouard Alexis |
Honduras | presidential republic | |
Hungary | parliamentary republic | President László Sólyom | Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány |
Iceland | parliamentary republic | President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson | Prime Minister Geir Haarde |
India | parliamentary republic | President Abdul Kalam | Prime Minister Manmohan Singh |
Indonesia | presidential republic | |
Iran | Theocratic republic | |
Iraq | parliamentary republic | President Jalal Talabani | Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki |
Ireland | parliamentary republic | President Mary McAleese | Taoiseach Bertie Ahern |
Israel | parliamentary republic | President Moshe Katsav | Prime Minister Ehud Olmert |
Italy | parliamentary republic | President Giorgio Napolitano | Prime Minister Romano Prodi |
Jamaica | parliamentary monarchy1 | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Kenneth Hall | Prime Minister Portia Simpson Miller |
Japan | parliamentary monarchy | Emperor Akihito5 | Prime Minister Shinzo Abe |
Jordan | semi-constitutional monarchy | King Abdullah II | Prime Minister Marouf al-Bakhit |
Kazakhstan | presidential republic | President Nursultan Nazarbayev | Prime Minister Daniyal Akhmetov |
Kenya | presidential republic | |
Kiribati | presidential republic | |
Korea, North | Communist Party-led republic | Eternal President2 (the late) Kim Il Sung; Chairman of the National Defence Commission Kim Jong Il (regarded as "highest administrative authority"); Head of State for Foreign Affairs as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly Kim Yong Nam | Premier Pak Pong Ju |
Korea, South | presidential republic | President Roh Moo Hyun | Prime Minister Han Myung-Sook |
Kuwait | semi-constitutional monarchy | Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah | Prime Minister Nasser Al-Mohammed Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah |
Kyrgyzstan | presidential republic | President Kurmanbek Bakiyev | Prime Minister Feliks Kulov |
Laos | Communist Party-led republic | President Choummaly Sayasone | Prime Minister Bouasone Bouphavanh |
Latvia | parliamentary republic | President Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga | Prime Minister Aigars Kalvītis |
Lebanon | semi-presidential confessional republic | President Émile Lahoud | Prime Minister Fouad Siniora |
Lesotho | parliamentary monarchy | King Letsie III | Prime Minister Pakalitha Mosisili |
Liberia | presidential republic | |
Libya | jamahiriya | President Zentani Muhammad az-Zentani (official head of state); Leader of the Revolution Muammar al-Qaddafi (de facto head of state) | Prime Minister Baghdadi Mahmudi |
Liechtenstein | semi-constitutional monarchy | Sovereign Prince Hans-Adam II; Prince-Regent Alois | Head of Government Otmar Hasler |
Lithuania | parliamentary republic | President Valdas Adamkus | Prime Minister Gediminas Kirkilas |
Luxembourg | parliamentary monarchy | Grand Duke Henri | Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker |
Macedonia, Republic of | semi-presidential republic | President Branko Crvenkovski | Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski |
Madagascar | presidential republic | President Marc Ravalomanana | Prime Minister Jacques Sylla |
Malawi | presidential republic | |
Malaysia | parliamentary monarchy | Yang di-Pertuan Agong Syed Sirajuddin ibni al-Marhum Syed Putra Jamalullail | Prime Minister Dato' Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi |
Maldives | presidential republic | |
Mali | presidential republic | President Amadou Toumani Touré | Prime Minister Ousmane Issoufi Maïga |
Malta | parliamentary republic | President Edward Fenech Adami | Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi |
Marshall Islands | presidential republic | |
Mauritania | military junta | Chairman of the Military Council for Justice and Democracy Col. Ely Ould Mohamed Vall | Prime Minister Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar |
Mauritius | parliamentary republic | President Sir Anerood Jugnauth | Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam |
Mexico | presidential republic | |
Micronesia | presidential republic | |
Moldova | semi-presidential republic | President Vladimir Voronin | Prime Minister Vasile Tarlev |
Monaco | constitutional monarchy | Sovereign Prince Albert II | Minister of State Jean-Paul Proust |
Mongolia | semi-presidential republic | President Nambaryn Enkhbayar | Prime Minister Miyeegombo Enkhbold |
Montenegro | parliamentary republic | President Filip Vujanović | Prime Minister Željko Šturanović |
Morocco | semi-constitutional monarchy | King Muhammad VI | Prime Minister Driss Jettou |
Mozambique | presidential republic | |
Myanmar | military junta without representative institutions | Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Sr. Gen. Than Shwe | Prime Minister Soe Win |
Namibia | presidential republic | |
Nauru | presidential-parliamentary republic | |
Nepal | absolute monarchy | King Gyanendra | Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala |
Netherlands | parliamentary monarchy | Queen Beatrix | Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende |
New Zealand | parliamentary monarchy1 | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General of New Zealand Anand Satyanand | Prime Minister Helen Clark |
Nicaragua | presidential republic | |
Niger | presidential republic | President Tandja Mamadou | Prime Minister Hama Amadou |
Nigeria | presidential republic | |
Norway | parliamentary monarchy | King Harald V | Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg |
Oman | absolute monarchy | |
Pakistan | presidential republic | President General Pervez Musharraf | Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz |
Palau | presidential republic | |
Panama | presidential republic | |
Papua New Guinea | parliamentary monarchy1 | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Paulias Matane | Prime Minister Sir Michael Somare |
Paraguay | presidential republic | |
Peru | presidential republic | President Alan García | Prime Minister Jorge del Castillo |
Philippines | presidential republic | |
Poland | parliamentary republic | President Lech Kaczyński | Prime Minister Jarosław Kaczyński |
Portugal | parliamentary republic | President Aníbal Cavaco Silva | Prime Minister José Sócrates |
Qatar | absolute monarchy | Emir Hamad ibn Khalifa Al Thani | Prime Minister Sheikh Abdullah ibn Khalifa Al Thani |
Romania | semi-presidential republic | President Traian Băsescu | Prime Minister Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu |
Russia | semi-presidential republic | President Vladimir Putin | Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov |
Rwanda | presidential republic | President Paul Kagame | Prime Minister Bernard Makuza |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | parliamentary monarchy1 | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Cuthbert Sebastian | Prime Minister Denzil Douglas |
Saint Lucia | parliamentary monarchy1 | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Dame Pearlette Louisy | Prime Minister Kenny Anthony |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | parliamentary monarchy1 | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Frederick Ballantyne | Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves |
Samoa | parliamentary monarchy | O le Ao o le Malo Malietoa Tanumafili II | Prime Minister Tuila'epa Sailele Malielegaoi |
San Marino | parliamentary republic | Captains-Regent Antonio Carattoni and Roberto Giorgetti | Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fiorenzo Stolfi |
São Tomé and Príncipe | semi-presidential republic | President Fradique de Menezes | Prime Minister Tomé Vera Cruz |
Saudi Arabia | absolute monarchy | |
Senegal | presidential republic | President Abdoulaye Wade | Prime Minister Macky Sall |
Serbia | parliamentary republic | President Boris Tadić | Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica |
Seychelles | presidential republic | |
Sierra Leone | presidential republic | |
Singapore | parliamentary republic | President Sellapan Ramanathan | Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong |
Slovakia | parliamentary republic | President Ivan Gašparovič | Prime Minister Robert Fico |
Slovenia | parliamentary republic | President Janez Drnovšek | Prime Minister Janez Janša |
Solomon Islands | parliamentary monarchy1 | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Nathaniel Waena | Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare |
Somalia | de jure semi-presidential state | President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed | Prime Minister Ali Muhammad Ghedi |
South Africa | presidential republic | |
Spain | parliamentary monarchy | King Juan Carlos I | President of the Government José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero |
Sri Lanka | semi-presidential republic | |
Sudan | presidential republic | |
Suriname | presidential republic | |
Swaziland | absolute monarchy | King Mswati III | Prime Minister Themba Dlamini |
Sweden | parliamentary monarchy | King Carl XVI Gustaf | Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt |
Switzerland | parliamentary republic | |
Syria | presidential republic | President Bashar al-Assad | Prime Minister Muhammad Naji al-Otari |
Taiwan (Republic of China) | semi-presidential republic | President Chen Shui-bian | Premier Su Tseng-chang |
Tajikistan | presidential republic | President Imomali Rakhmonov | Prime Minister Akil Akilov |
Tanzania | presidential republic | |
Thailand | military dictatorship | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Chief of the Administrative Reform Council Sonthi Boonyaratglin |
Togo | presidential republic | President Faure Gnassingbé | Prime Minister Yawovi Agboyibo |
Tonga | parliamentary monarchy | King George Tupou V | Prime Minister Dr. Feleti Sevele |
Trinidad and Tobago | parliamentary republic | President George Maxwell Richards | Prime Minister Patrick Manning |
Tunisia | presidential republic | President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali | Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi |
Turkey | parliamentary republic | President Ahmet Necdet Sezer | Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan |
Turkmenistan | presidential republic | |
Tuvalu | parliamentary monarchy1 | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Filoimea Telito | Prime Minister Apisai Ielemia |
Uganda | presidential republic | |
Ukraine | semi-presidential republic | President Viktor Yushchenko | Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych |
United Arab Emirates | semi-constitutional monarchy | President Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahayan | Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum |
United Kingdom | parliamentary monarchy1 | Queen Elizabeth II | Prime Minister Tony Blair |
United States | presidential republic | |
Uruguay | presidential republic | |
Uzbekistan | presidential republic | |
Vanuatu | parliamentary republic | President Kalkot Mataskelekele | Prime Minister Ham Lini |
Vatican City | sacerdotal state | Pope Benedict XVI | Secretary of State Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone; Governor Archbishop Giovanni Lajolo |
Venezuela | presidential republic | |
Vietnam | Communist Party-led republic | President Nguyen Minh Triet | Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung |
Western Sahara (SADR) | Largely occupied by Morocco, government in exile administers some territory. | President Mohamed Abdelaziz | Prime Minister Abdelkader Taleb Oumar |
Yemen | presidential republic | President Ali Abdullah Saleh | Prime Minister Abdul Qader Bajamal |
Zambia | presidential republic | |
Zimbabwe | presidential republic | |