List of political parties in Canada
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This article lists political parties in Canada.
Federal parties
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| Federal political parties | Federal electoral districts |
In contrast with the political party systems of many nations, Canadian parties at the federal level are often only loosely connected with parties at the provincial level, despite having similar names.
Political parties with representation in the Canadian Parliament
- Bloc Québécois (founded 1991) - social democratic, Quebec separatist
- Conservative Party of Canada (founded 2003) - conservative, rightwing
- Liberal Party of Canada (founded 1867) - liberal, centrist
- New Democratic Party (founded 1961) - social democratic, leftwing
Other registered parties
- Animal Alliance Environment Voters Party of Canada (founded 2005) - environmentalist, animal liberationist
- Canadian Action Party (founded 1997) - progressive, Canadian Nationalist
- Christian Heritage Party of Canada (founded 1987) - Social conservative, Christian democratic
- Communist Party of Canada (founded 1921) - Communist
- Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist) (founded 1970) - Communist/Marxist-Leninist influenced by Maoism and the ideas of Enver Hoxha
- First Peoples National Party of Canada (founded 2005) - Aboriginal rights advocacy
- Green Party of Canada (founded 1983) - Green, eco-capitalist
- Libertarian Party of Canada (founded 1975) - libertarian
- Marijuana Party of Canada (founded 2000) - pro-marijuana legalization
- Progressive Canadian Party (founded 2004) - progressive conservative, Red Tory
- Western Block Party (founded 2005) - western separatist and ultraconservative
Other parties with official eligibility for registration
- People's Political Power of Canada (founded 2006) - social conservative, Aboriginal rights
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Represented in the House of Commons:
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Other parties recognized by Elections Canada:
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Unregistered parties believed to be active
- Absolutely Absurd Party
- Cosmopolitan Party of Canada (founded 2003)
- Canadian Extreme Wrestling Party
- Democracy Party of Canada (founded 2003)
- Direct Access Democracy Canada (founded 2003)
- Direct Democracy Party of Canada (founded 2004)
- FemINist INitiative of Canada (founded 2005)
- Freedom Party of Canada (founded 2001)
- Global Party of Canada (founded 2002)
- Malevolent Party of Canada (founded 2004)
- Nationalist Party of Canada (founded 1977)
- Parti citron (Lemon Party)
- Parti égalité du Canada (Equality Party of Canada)
- Parti Populaire des Putes (Whore's Popular Party)
- The Party Party
- Party of Alberta (founded 2006)
- Peace and Ecology Party of Canada (founded 2005)
- Popular Democratic Party (founded 2003)
- Sex Party (founded 2005) [1]
- Socialist Alternative
- Socialist Party of Canada
- United People's Party of Canada (founded 2006)
- Western Canada Party (founded 2005)
Historical parties that have won seats in Parliament
- Anti-Confederate 1867
- Bloc Populaire Canadien 1943-1949
- Canadian Alliance 2000-2003
- Conservative-Labour 1872-1875
- Conservative Party of Canada (historical) 1867-1942
- Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 1932-1961
- Ginger Group 1924-1932
- Farmer Labour, Farmer-United Labour, Labour-Farmer 1925-1949
- Labour various
- Labour-Progressive Party 1943-1959
- Laurier Liberals 1917 election only
- Liberal-Conservative 1867-1911
- Liberal-Labour 1926-1968
- Liberal-Progressive 1925-1955
- Liberal Protectionist 1925, 1930
- Liberal-Unionist 1917
- McCarthyite 1896
- National Government 1940
- National Liberal and Conservative Party 1920-1921
- Nationalist Conservative 1878-1911
- Nationalist Liberal 1920
- New Democracy 1940 election only
- New Party 1960
- Non-Partisan League 1917
- Patrons of Industry 1896
- People's Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 1945
- Progressive-Conservative (candidate) 1925-1935
- Progressive Party of Canada 1921-1948
- Progressive Conservative Party of Canada 1942-2003
- Ralliement créditiste/Social Credit Rally 1963-1971
- Reconstruction Party of Canada 1935-1938
- Reform Party of Canada 1987-2000
- Reform Party (pre-Confederation)
- Social Credit Party of Canada 1935-1993
- Social Democratic Party of Canada 1911-1920
- Socialist Party of Canada 1904-1925
- Union of Electors 1945-1949
- Unionist Party 1917-1921
- United Farmers 1921-1935
- United Farmers-Labour 1920
- United Farmers of Alberta 1921-1935
- United Farmers of Ontario 1919-1940
- United Farmers of Ontario-Labour 1919-1940
- United Reform Movement 1939-1940
- Unity 1938-1940
- See also: Liberalism in Canada
Other historical parties that nominated candidates
- Abolitionist Party of Canada 1993-1996
- All Canadian Party 1962
- Anti-Communist 1935 & 1953
- Anti-Conscriptionist 1940
- Autonomist 1947
- Canada Party 1993-1996
- Canadian Democrat 1957
- Canadian Labour Party 1917, 1921-1929
- Canadian Union of Fascists 1930s
- Candidat libéral des électeurs 1962-1963
- Candidats des électeurs 1957-1958
- Capital familial (H.-G. Grenier) 1957-1962
- Christian Credit Party 1982-1983
- Christian Democrat Party of Canada 1981
- Christian Liberal 1953
- Confederation of Regions Party of Canada 1984-1988
- Co-operative Builders of Canada 1962
- Democratic Party of Canada 1945
- Droit vital personnel (H.-G. Grenier) 1965
- Equal Rights 1891
- Esprit social (H.-G. Grenier) 1967-1971
- Farmer 1925 & 1930
- Forward Canada Party 1997
- Franc Lib 1930 & 1968
- Labour Parties of Canada 1900-1940, history of different parties
- League for Socialist Action 1961-1977
- Liberal Conservative Coalition 1957
- Liberal-Labour-Progressive 1926
- Liberal Protectionist 1925 & 1930
- Locataire (candidat) 1953
- Movement for an Independent Socialist Canada 1974
- National Credit Control 1957
- National Labour 1940
- National Liberal Progressive 1940
- National Party of Canada (I) 1979-1980s
- National Party of Canada (II) 1991-1994
- Natural Law Party of Canada 1993-2003
- National Unity Party 1938-1949
- National Socialist 1968
- New Canada Party 1968
- New Capitalist Party 1965
- Non-Partisan League 1917
- North American Labour Party 1970s
- Parti de la Démocratisation Économique 1968
- Parti humain familial (H.-G. Grenier) 1964
- Parti national social chrétien 1934-1938
- Parti Nationaliste du Quebec 1984 election only
- Parti ouvrier canadien 1958
- Parti republicain/Republican Party 1964-1971
- Party for the Commonwealth of Canada 1984-1993
- Progressive Workers Movement 1965
- Prohibition 1930
- Protectionist 1926
- Protestant Protective Association 1896
- Radical chrétien 1958-1967
- Revolutionary Workers League 1977-1989
- Revolutionary Workers Party 1945 - 1953
- Rhinoceros Party of Canada 1968-1993
- Social Credit-National Unity 1940
- Socialist Labour Party 1945-1968
- Technocrat 1935
- Trades Union 1945
- Union Populaire 1979-1981
- United Party of Canada 1983
- United Progressive 1940
- Verdun 1935
- Veterans Party 1935
- Workers' Communist Party of Canada 1972-1980
Historical parties that did not nominate candidates
- Aboriginal Peoples Party of Canada (founded 2005)
- Action Canada 1971
- Canadian Clean Start Party 2000
- Canadian Traditional Conservative Party 2001
- Canadian Democratic Movement 2000
- Democratic Canadian Union 1999
- Grey Party of Canada 2002-2003
- National Alternative Party 2002-2003
- Ontario Party of Canada 2002
- Option Canada 1991
- Patriot Party of Canada 2001
- Rest of Canada Party 2002
- Unity Party of Canada 2001-2004
- Western Canada Concept 1980-?
- Western Independence Party 1987-?
Provincial and territorial parties
Alberta
Parties represented in the Legislative Assembly
- Alberta Alliance Party
- Alberta Liberal Party
- Alberta New Democratic Party
- Alberta Progressive Conservatives
Registered parties never represented in the Legislative Assembly
Registered parties previously represented in the Legislative Assembly
Historical parties represented in the Legislative Assembly
- Alberta Unity Party (1937)
- Independent Citizen's Association (1940-1948)
- Labour Party
- Socialist Party of Alberta (1909-1921)
- United Farmers of Alberta (1919-1935)
- Alberta Reform Movement (1981-1982)
- Representative Party of Alberta (1986 election)
- Veterans' and Active Force (1944-1948)
- Western Canada Concept (1982-1986)
- Coalition Party of Alberta
Historial parties not represented in the Legislative Assembly
- Alberta First Party
- Alberta Independence Party
- Alliance Party of Alberta (1993 election)
- Confederation of Regions Party (1986-1993)
- Constitutional Socialist Party (1975)
- Equity Party (Alberta)
- Forum Party of Alberta (1997 election)
- Heritage Party of Alberta (1986 election)
- Natural Law Party (1993-1997)
- Progressive Labour Party of Alberta
- Labour Progressive Party
- Alberta Unity Movement
- People's Candidate Party
- Soldiers' Representative Party
Historical parties represented by elected Senate nominees
British Columbia
Until 1903, there was no party politics in the province, and governments rarely lasted more than two years as independent members changed allegiances. The first party government, in 1903, was Conservative.
Parties represented in the Legislative Assembly
- British Columbia Liberal Party centre-right
- New Democratic Party of British Columbia centre-left
Other parties that have formed government
- British Columbia Conservative Party (formerly known as the British Columbia Progressive Conservative Party)
- British Columbia Social Credit Party
Current parties that have nominated candidates
- Bloc British Columbia Party
- British Columbia Party
- BC Unity Party (2004- )
- Canadian Alliance Party of British Columbia
- Centre Democratic Party
- Citizens Action Party
- Communist Party of British Columbia
- Democratic Reform British Columbia
- Emerged Democracy Party of British Columbia
- Freedom Party of British Columbia
- Green Party of British Columbia
- Libertarian Party
- Marijuana Party
- Moderate Democratic Movement (2003– )
- Natural Law Party of British Columbia
- Patriot Party
- People's Front
- Platinum Party of Employers Who Think and Act to Increase Awareness
- Reform Party of British Columbia
- Renewal Party of British Columbia
- Sex Party
- Western Canada Concept Party of British Columbia
- Western Refederation Party of British Columbia
- Work Less Party of British Columbia
- Your Political Party of British Columbia
- Youth Coalition
Other parties that have not nominated candidates
- Allegiance Party
- Alternative Party of British Columbia
- Annexation Party of British Columbia
- Confederation Party of British Columbia
- Democratic Futures Party
- Democratic Idealists Party
- Enterprise Party of British Columbia
- Free Canadian Party
- Idealists Party
- Labour Party
- Link BC
- None of the Above Party of British Columbia
- People of British Columbia Millionaires Party
- United Peoples Action Party
Historical parties
- Action Party (2001 election)
- All Nations Party of British Columbia (2001 election-2005)
- Central Party (British Columbia) (2001 election)
- Christian Democratic Party (1952 and 1953 elections)
- Citizens Alliance Now (2001 election)
- Citizens Commonwealth Federation (2001 election)
- Common Sense, Community, Family Party (1996 election)
- Council of British Columbians (2001 election)
- Constructive Party (1937 election)
- Democratic Alliance (2004-2005)
- Emancipation Party (1941 election)
- Family Coalition Party of British Columbia (1991 and 1996 elections)
- Gay Alliance Toward Equality (1979 election)
- Green Go (Green Wing/Rhino) (1991 election)
- Human Race Party (1991 election)
- Independent New Hope Party (1979 election)
- Federated Labour Party
- Financial Justice Party (1937 election)
- Independent Labour Party
- Labour Representation Committee (1952 election)
- League for Socialist Action (1975 election)
- North American Labour Party (1975 and 1979 elections)
- Non Partisan Independent Group (1933 election)
- Party of Citizens Who Have Decided to Think for Themselves and Be Their Own Politicians (2001 election)
- People's Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (1945 election)
- People's Party (1945, 1953 and 1956 elections)
- Progressive Democratic Alliance (1996 election)
- Provincial Party of British Columbia (1924 election)
- Religious Political Brotherhood (1941 election)
- Revolutionary Marxist Group (1975 election)
- Revolutionary Workers Party 1945 - 1953
- Social Conservative Party (1969 election)
- Social Democratic Party
- Socialist Labour Party
- Socialist Party
- Unionist Party of British Columbia (1933 election)
- United Front (1933 election)
- Victory Without Debt Party (1941 election)
- Western Independence Party (1979 election)
- Western National Party (1983 election)
- Western Reform (2001 election)
Vancouver
- Coalition of Progressive Electors
- Non-Partisan Association
- Vancouver Civic Action Team
- Vision Vancouver
Manitoba
Parties represented in the Legislative Assembly
Other registered parties
Unregistered parties
Historical parties
- Canadian Party 1870
- Dominion Labour Party (in Manitoba) 1918-1920
- Ex-Soldiers and Ex-Sailors Party of Manitoba 1920
- First Peoples Party 1995
- Independent Citizen's Party 1920
- Independent Labour Party (in Manitoba) (I) 1890s, 1907
- Independent Labour Party (in Manitoba) (II) 1920-1943
- Independent Native Voice 1995
- Labour Progressive Party 1941-1959
- Labour Representation Committee (in Manitoba) 1910s
- Libertarian Party of Manitoba, 1980s-2005
- Manitoba Confederation of Regions Party 1984-1991
- Manitoba Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 1936-1961
- Manitoba Grey Party 2002-2003
- Manitoba Labour Party 1910
- Manitoba Party 1998-2003
- Manitoba Reform Party 1991-1995
- Manitoba Social Credit Party 1935-1981
- Patrons of Industry 1890s
- Prosperity for Posterity Party 1953
- Progressive Party of Manitoba 1921-1948
- Progressive Party of Manitoba (II) 1981-1995
- Prohibitionists 1903
- Provincial Rights Party 1882-1884
- Revolutionary Workers League (in Manitoba) 1977
- Social Democratic Party of Canada (in Manitoba) 1911-1920
- Socialist Party of Canada (in Manitoba) 1904-1922, 1932, 1945
- Sound Money Economics System 1941
- Union Labour 1922
- Western Canada Concept Party of Manitoba 1984-1987
- Western Democracy Party 1979
- Western Independence Party of Manitoba 1987-1995(?)
- Winnipeg into the '90s 1989
- Winnipeg Labour Party 1899-1903
New Brunswick
Parties represented in the Legislative Assembly
- Liberal Party of New Brunswick
- Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick (known as the Conservative Party before 1952)
Other registered parties
- New Brunswick New Democratic Party which was represented from 1982-1987; 1991-2005
Historical parties formerly represented in the Legislative Assembly
- Confederation of Regions 1989-2002
- New Brunswick Labour Party 1921-1925
- United Farmers Party 1921-1925
Historical parties
Newfoundland and Labrador
Parties represented in the House of Assembly
- Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador
- New Democratic Party of Newfoundland and Labrador
- Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador
Other registered parties
Historical parties
- Confederation Party 1860s
- Anti-Confederation Party 1860s
- Conservative Party of Newfoundland (various) 1825-1934
- Fisherman's Protective Union 1913-1934
- Liberal Party of Newfoundland (various) 1825-1934
- Liberal-Conservative-Progressive Party 1924-1932
- Newfoundland and Labrador Party 1999
- Newfoundland People's Party 1907-1923
- Tory Party 1890s
- United Newfoundland Party 1932-1934
- Responsible Government League 1947-1949
- Confederate Association 1948-1949
- Party for Economic Union with the United States 1948
Northwest Territories
From approximately 1898 to 1905, political parties were active, however, legislative government was eliminated when the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan were created out of the heavily populated area of NWT. Elected legislative government was re-established in 1951. Like Nunavut, NWT elects independent candidates and operates by consensus. Some candidates in recent years have asserted that they were running on behalf of a party, but territorial law does not recognize parties.
Historical parties 1897 - 1905
- Northwest Territories Liberal Party
- Northwest Territories Liberal-Conservative Party
- Socialist Party of Northwest Territories
Unofficial parties modern era
Nova Scotia
Parties represented in the Legislative Assembly
- Nova Scotia Liberal Party
- Nova Scotia New Democratic Party
- Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia
Other parties
Historical parties
- Anti-Confederate Party
- Cape Breton Labour Party
- Confederation Party
- Marijuana Party
- Nova Scotia Party
Nunavut
Parties represented in the Legislative Assembly
- None - the territory, established in 1999, has a legislature that runs on a consensus government model, candidates running as independents, and no parties are represented in the legislative assembly.
Ontario
Parties represented in the Legislative Assembly
Other registered parties
- Communist Party of Ontario
- Confederations of Regions Party (founded 1990)
- Family Coalition Party of Ontario (founded 1986)
- Freedom Party of Ontario (founded 1984)
- Green Party of Ontario (founded 1983)
- Ontario Libertarian Party (founded 1975)
Unregistered parties
Historical parties
- Clear Grits pre-Confederation
- Labour Progressive Party 1941-1959
- Liberal-Labour 1943-1970s
- Liberal-Progressive 1934-1940
- Natural Law Party of Ontario
- Northern Ontario Heritage Party 1977-1981
- Reform Party pre-Confederation
- Reform Party of Ontario 1999
- Social Credit Party of Ontario
- United Farmers of Ontario 1918-1940
- Unparty 1980-1983
Municipal parties
- Metro New Democratic Party 1970s- early 1990s
- Civic Liberals 1969
Prince Edward Island
Parties that contested the last election
- Prince Edward Island Liberal Party
- Island New Democrats
- Prince Edward Island Progressive Conservative Party
Other registered parties
Unregistered parties
Historical parties
Quebec
Parties represented in the National Assembly of Quebec
- Action démocratique du Québec (founded 1994)
- Parti libéral du Québec (founded 1867)
- Parti Québécois (founded 1968)
- See also: Quebec general election, 2003
Other parties
- Bloc pot (founded 1998)
- Parti communiste du Québec (founded 2006)
- Parti conscience universelle (founded 2005)
- Parti égalité/Equality Party (founded 1989)
- Parti démocratie chrétienne du Québec (founded 2002)
- Parti marxiste-léniniste du Québec (founded 1970)
- Parti unitaire du Québec (founded 2005)
- Parti vert du Québec (founded 2001)
- Québec solidaire (founded 2006)
- Votepop Québec (founded 2006)
Unregistered parties
- Gauche Socialiste
- Parti Populaire des Putes
- Parti Populaire Socialiste
- Canadian Traditional Conservative Party
- Coalition démocratique
- Coalition nationale
- Fondement démocratique québécois
- Justice intégrité honnêteté
- Parti écologique du Québec / Quebec Ecological Party
- Parti d’un Québec nouveau
- Parti pour l'indépendance du Québec
- Parti souverain du Québec
Historical parties that won seats in the National or Legislative Assembly
- Action libérale nationale 1934-ca. 1939
- Bloc Populaire Canadien 1943-1949
- Les Démocrates 1978-1979
- Fédération du Commonwealth Coopératif (CCF) 1939-1955
- Ouvriers
- Parti britannique pre-Confederation
- Parti bureaucrate pre-Confederation
- Parti bleu pre-Confederation
- Parti canadien pre-Confederation
- Parti conservateur du Québec 1850-1935
- Parti créditiste 1973
- Parti démocrate créditiste 1980
- Parti national populaire 1975-1979
- Parti patriote pre-Confederation
- Parti rouge pre-Confederation
- Parti social-démocratique 1955-1959
- Parti tory pre-Confederation
- Ralliement créditiste du Québec 1970-1990 (various names)
- Union Nationale 1935-1989
- Unité-Québec 1971-1973
Other historical parties that nominated candidates
- Alliance démocratique 1976-1977
- CANADA! 1994-1998
- Développement Québec 1994-1996
- Groupe socialiste des travailleurs 1973-1987
- Nouveau Parti démocratique du Québec 1963-1995
- Parti 51 1980s
- Parti citron 1989-1994
- Parti communiste du Québec 1921-2002
- Parti crédit social uni 1979-1994
- Parti économique du Québec 1993-1998
- Parti indépendantiste 1985-1990
- Parti innovateur du Québec 1993-2003
- Parti présidentiel 1974-1975
- Parti de la démocratie socialiste 1963-2002
- Parti de la loi naturelle du Québec 1994-2003
- Parti de la souveraineté du Québec 1993-1996
- Parti ouvrier-progressiste 1943-1959
- Parti pour la république du Canada (Québec) 1983-1998 (various names)
- Parti progressiste conservateur du Québec 1982-1991
- Parti républicain du Québec 1962-1964
- Parti unité/Unity Party 1989-1990
- Rassemblement pour l'alternative progressiste 2000-2002
- Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale 1964-1968
- Ralliement national 1965-1968
- Regroupement des militants syndicaux 1974-1981
- Parti Rhinocéros 1968-1993
- Union des électeurs 1944-1948
- Union des forces progressistes (2002-2006)
Montreal
- Montreal Island Citizens Union 2001-
- Vision Montreal
- Project Montreal
- White Elephant Party of Montreal
Quebec City
- Quebec Civic Action
- Quebec Municipal Renewal
- Vision Quebec
Saskatchewan
Parties represented in the Legislative Assembly
Other registered parties
- Western Independence Party of Saskatchewan
- Saskatchewan Liberal Party
- Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan
- Saskatchewan Marijuana Party
- Green Party of Saskatchewan
- Saskatchewan Heritage Party
Unregistered parties
Historical parties
- Progressive Party (in Saskatchewan)
- Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
- Labor-Progressive Party
- Social Credit Party of Saskatchewan
- First Nations Party of Saskatchewan
- Non-Partisan League
- Unionest Party
Yukon Territory
Party politics was established in 1978. Between 1902 and 1978, candidates for election ran as independents. From 1898 to 1909, there were some appointed members in the council that now is known as a legislative assembly.
Parties represented in the Legislative Assembly
Other parties that have formed government
- Yukon Progressive Conservative Party (1978, 1982, 1985, 1989 elections; now the Yukon Party)
Other parties that have won seats in the Legislative Assembly
- Independent Alliance (1992 election)
External links
- Political Party Paradox by Elmer G. Wiens
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