Okrug
- For the village in Croatia, see Okrug, Split-Dalmatia County.
Okrug (Bulgarian: окръг; Serbian and Russian: о́круг; Ukrainian: oкругa, translit. okruha) is a term to denote a subnational entity in some Eastern European Slavic states. Etymologically, the word is a calque of the German word "bezirk" ("district"). Both okrug and bezirk refer to something literally "encircled".
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Bulgaria
In Bulgaria, okrugs, translated as "districts" or "counties", were a subdivision of the larger oblasts (provinces) that existed between 1987 and 1999.
Imperial Russia
Okrugs were a type of administrative subdivision in Imperial Russia. Until 1920, okrugs were administrative districts in Cossack hosts.
Russian Federation
In the present-day Russian Federation, the term "okrug" is either translated as "district" or rendered directly as "okrug", and is used to describe the following types of administrative divisions:
- Federal Districts (federalny okrug), such as the Siberian Federal District;
- Autonomous okrugs (avtonomny okrug), such as Koryak Autonomous Okrug;
- Komi-Permyak Okrug, a territory with special status within Perm Krai.
"Okrug" is also used to describe the administrative divisions of the two "federal cities" in Russia:
- the administrative okrugs of Moscow are an upper-level administrative division.
- the municipal okrugs of St. Petersburg are a lower-level administrative division.
Furthermore, the designation okrug denotes several selsovet-level administrative divisions:
- okrugs, such as okrugs of Samara Oblast.
- rural okrugs (selsky okrug), such as the rural okrugs of Adygea.
- rural territorial okrugs (selsky territorialny okrug), such as the rural territorial okrugs of Murmansk Oblast.
- stanitsa okrugs (stanichny okrug), such as the stanitsa okrugs of Krasnodar Krai.
Serbia
- See also: Subdivisions of Serbia
The Republic of Serbia is divided into 29 okrugs (districts) as well as the "district city" of Belgrade. The term "okrug" in Serbia is often translated as either "district" or "county".
See also
gmina • guberniya • krai • kraj • obshchina • opština • općina • oblast • oblast' • okrug • okręg • pogost • powiat • raion • selsoviet • uyezd • voivodeship • volost
Historical terms in italics
External links
- Okruha in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
Categories
Slavic names | History of the administrative divisions of Russia | Country subdivisions | Russian loanwords | Russian terminology