Special Economic Zone

A Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is a geographical region that has economic laws that are more liberal than a country's typical economic laws. Usually the goal is an increase in foreign investment. Special Economic Zones have been established in several countries, including the People's Republic of China, India, Iran, Jordan, Poland, Kazakhstan, the Philippines and Russia. North Korea has also attempted this to a degree, but failed. Currently, Puno, Peru has been slated to become a "Zona Ecomomica" by its president Alan Garcia. In the United States, SEZ are referred to as "Urban Enterprise Zones"

1 In India
- 1.1 List of SEZs in India
2 In the People's Republic of China
- 2.1 List of SEZs in the People's Republic of China
3 In Kazakhstan
4 In Iran
5 In North Korea
6 In the Philippines
- 6.1 Special Economic Zones
7 External links
8 Categories

In India

Considering the need to enhance foreign investment and promote exports from the country and realising the need that level playing field must be made available to the domestic enterprises and manufacturers to be competitive globally, The Government of India had in April 2000 announced the introduction of Special Economic Zones policy in the country, deemed to be foreign territory for the purposes of trade operations, duties and tariffs.The Special Economic Zones in India closely follow the PRC model.

List of SEZs in India

The policy provides for setting up of SEZ's in the public, private, joint sector or by State Governments.It was also envisaged that some of the existing Export Processing Zones would be converted into Special Economic Zones. Accordingly, the Government has converted Export Processing zones located at

Currently, India has 15 SEZs, each an average size of 200 acres.the government has approved 285 sez's more.8 Export Processing Zones (EPZs) have been converted into SEZs. These are fully functional. All these SEZs are in various parts of the country in the private/joint sectors or by the State Government. Other details shall be found in SezIndia.nic.in[2],SezIndia.com[3]But this process of planning and development is under question, as the states in which the SEZs have been approved are facing intense protests, from the farming community, accusing the government of forcibly snatching fertile land from them, at heavyily discounted prices as against the prevailing prices in the commercial real estate industry. Also some reputed companies like Bajaj and others have commented against this policy and have suggested using barren and wasteland for setting up of SEZs. Also the suggsted cost of setting up SEZs is under speculation.

In the People's Republic of China

Main article: Special Economic Zone of the People's Republic of China

Special Economic Zones of the People's Republic of China

The word "special" mainly means special economic systems and policies. In the People's Republic of China, the central government gives SEZs special policies and flexible measures, allowing SEZs to utilize a special economic management system.

Special tax incentives
Greater independence on international trade activities.
Economic characteristics are represented as "4 principles":
1. Construction primarily relies on attracting and utilising foreign capital
2. Primary economic forms are sino-foreign joint ventures and partnerships as well as wholly foreign-owned enterprises
3. Products are primarily export-oriented
4. Economic activities are primarily driven by market

SEZ are listed separately in the national planning (including financial planning) and have province-level authority on economic administration. SEZs local congress and government have legislation authority.

List of SEZs in the People's Republic of China

Guangdong Province: Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shantou
Fujian Province: Xiamen
Hainan Province (whole province)
Shanghai Province: Pudong District

Special Economic Zones of the People's Republic of China
The Original Four Shenzhen \| Zhuhai \| Shantou \| Xiamen
New Open Development Zones Hainan Province \| Dalian \| Qingdao \| Qinhuangdao \| Lianyungang \| Pudong \| Yantai \| Zhanjiang \| Ningbo \| Wenzhou \| Nantong \| Fuzhou \| Guangzhou \| Beihai

In Kazakhstan

Astana

In Iran

PetZone: Petrochemical special economic Zone, Mahshahr.
Kish: Kish island special economic zone.
Sarakhs
Sirjan
Bandar Anzali

In North Korea

The Rajin-Sonbong Economic Special Zone was established under a UN economic development programme in 1994. Located on the bank of the Tuman River, the zone borders on the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture (or, Yeonbyeon in Korean) of the People's Republic of China, as well as Russia. In 2000 the name of the area was shortened to Rason and became separate from the North Hamgyeong Province.

In the Philippines

Philippine economic zones (ecozones) are collections of industries, brought together geographically for the purpose of promoting economic development. Although designed to operate separately from the political and economic milieu of surrounding communities, Philippine economic zones do in fact interact with their neighbors. There are 41 private-owned economic zones and 4 government owned economic zones in the Philippines. Of the 41 private economic zones, the biggest exporter is Gateway Business Park in General Trias, Cavite and the second biggest private ecozone is Laguna Technopark Inc. The four governmently owned are Cavite Economic Zone, Bataan Economic Zone, Mactan Economic Zone and Baguio City Economic Zone.