Voiceless bilabial fricative
| IPA – number | 126 |
| IPA – text | ɸ |
| IPA – image |  |
| Entity | ɸ |
| X-SAMPA | p\ |
| Kirshenbaum | P |
| Sound sample | |
|---|---|
The voiceless bilabial fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɸ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is p\.
Contents |
Features
Features of the voiceless bilabial fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is bilabial which means it is articulated with both lips.
- Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.
In English
This consonant is lacking in English, and English speakers will often pronounce voiceless labiodental fricative when speaking a language that has it, while speakers of a language that has it may use it in place of English 'f'. English speakers, however, may consider this consonant similar to a simple blow, but with a much narrower opening between the lips.
In other languages
Ewe
Ewe contrasts bilabial /ɸ/, written ƒ, with labiodental /f/, written f, as in é ƒá /é ɸá/ "he polished" vs. é fá /é fá/ "he is cold".
Japanese
Japanese has [ɸ] an allophone of /h/ before /u/, which is compressed rather than rounded [u]. It is most commonly romanized as fu (as in Fuji), but hu is often used when the underlying morphology is more important than pronunciation (see kunrei-shiki).
Vedic Sanskrit
Vedic Sanskrit once had this phoneme, as a conditioned allophone of visarga, but it was lost in Classical Sanskrit. It was called upamādhmīya.
Māori
Māori has this sound, represented by wh (or uncommonly as f).
See also
| Consonants (List, table) | See also: IPA, Vowels | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Categories
Fricative consonants | Bilabial consonants